Antminer S23 Series Explained: S23, S23 Hyd, 3U, 2U and Immersion Models
Short answer: the Antminer S23 is Bitmain’s newer SHA-256 Bitcoin miner generation after the S21. Its main difference is efficiency. Bitmain rates the air-cooled S23 at 11 J/TH and the S23 Hyd (hydro) at 9.5 J/TH, compared with 13.5 and 12 J/TH for the S21 XP and S21 XP Hyd. The family includes an air-cooled S23, the S23 Hyd, rack-mount S23 Hyd 3U and S23e Hyd 2U units, an S23 Immersion model, and the upcoming S23 XP Hyd.
This guide explains each S23 model, lists Bitmain’s rated hashrate, power, efficiency, cooling and input voltage, and compares the S23 with the S21 on J/TH only. It is an explainer built from specification sheets, not a hands-on test. Bitminers does not guarantee mining profitability.
On this page
What the Antminer S23 family is
Like the S21, every S23 model uses the SHA-256 algorithm and mines Bitcoin (BTC), Bitcoin Cash (BCH) and Bitcoin SV (BSV). The models differ in cooling, size and power class. At the time of writing, S23 hydro models carry the lowest J/TH ratings of any SHA-256 miner on Bitmain’s shop.
Efficiency is measured in joules per terahash (J/TH): power in watts divided by hashrate in TH/s. For the S23 Hyd, 5,510 W ÷ 580 TH/s = 9.5 J/TH. A lower figure means less energy for each terahash of work. Our guide to hashrate, terahash and J/TH explains the units.
What the S23 model names mean
Bitmain does not publish a glossary of its suffixes. The meanings below come from its own specification tables and product names.
- S23 (no suffix): the air-cooled model, with fans and 220-277 V single-phase power.
- Hyd: hydro cooling. A liquid coolant loop carries heat away from the hashboards. The S23 Hyd needs 8-10 L/min of coolant flow and 380-415 V three-phase power.
- XP: as on the S21, the higher-efficiency version. The S23 XP Hyd is rated at 8.9 J/TH.
- 3U and 2U: rack-mount chassis three or two rack units tall. Bitmain sells the S23 Hyd 3U as “U3S23H” and the S23e Hyd 2U as “S23e U2H”.
- e: on the S23e U2H, a version rated at 10 J/TH, slightly above the 9.5 J/TH of the U3S23H. The same pattern appears in the S21 range, where “e” hydro models are rated a little less efficient than the models without it.
- Immersion: built to run submerged in dielectric oil inside a tank.
Antminer S23 models compared
Ratings are Bitmain’s own unless marked otherwise. Bitmain gives them as typical values: actual hashrate can vary by about ±3% and power by about ±5%. Hydro ratings are at 35 °C inlet coolant.
| Model | Cooling | Hashrate (TH/s) | Power (W) | J/TH | Input voltage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S23 | Air | 305 | 3,355 | 11 | 220-277 V single-phase |
| S23 Hyd | Hydro | 580 | 5,510 | 9.5 | 380-415 V three-phase |
| S23 XP Hyd | Hydro | 600 | 5,340 | 8.9 | 380-415 V three-phase |
| S23 Hyd 3U (U3S23H) | Hydro, 3U rack | 1,160 | 11,020 | 9.5 | 380-415 V three-phase |
| S23e Hyd 2U (S23e U2H) | Hydro, 2U rack | 865 | 8,650 | 10 | Not shown in Bitmain’s table |
| S23 Immersion (spec databases) | Immersion | 442 / 368 | 5,304 / 4,048 | 12 / 11 | Not published |
Two notes on the table. First, the S23 Immersion is not currently on Bitmain’s shop or support site; its figures come from three independent spec databases, which list two operating modes. Second, several spec databases also list an air-cooled S23 rated at 318 TH/s and 3,498 W, still at 11 J/TH, while Bitmain’s current shop batch is rated at 305 TH/s.
Antminer S23 (air-cooled)
The Antminer S23 is the only air-cooled model in the family. According to Bitmain’s shop table, it measures 450 × 219 × 293 mm, weighs 20.6 kg and is rated at 76 dBA with 510-545 CFM of airflow, so it needs a ventilated space away from living areas. It runs on 220-277 V single-phase power, like the air-cooled S21 models.
At the time of writing (October 4, 2026), Bitminers lists the Antminer S23 318 TH/s at $5,800.00.
Antminer S23 Hydro: S23 Hyd and S23 XP Hyd
Most searches for “Antminer S23 hydro” or “S23 Hyd” are about the standard S23 Hyd. Bitmain rates it at 580 TH/s and 5,510 W (9.5 J/TH), measuring 410 × 170 × 209 mm and weighing 13.5 kg, as shown on Bitmain’s S23 Hyd product page. It needs a coolant loop and 380-415 V three-phase power. At the time of writing (October 4, 2026), the Antminer S23 Hyd 580 TH/s is $13,324.50 at Bitminers.
The S23 XP Hyd is a newer hydro model rated at 600 TH/s and 5,340 W (8.9 J/TH). It uses 380-415 V three-phase power at up to 12 A, and accepts antifreeze, pure water or deionized water as coolant at 20-50 °C inlet temperature. Bitmain’s S23 XP Hyd page says it ships from November 2026. Bitminers does not list it at the time of writing.
For the infrastructure a hydro miner depends on, read air cooling vs hydro cooling, and see all water-cooled machines in our hydro miners category.
Rack-mount S23 models: Hyd 3U and S23e Hyd 2U
The S23 Hyd 3U (U3S23H) is roughly two S23 Hyd units’ worth of hashrate in one rack chassis: 1,160 TH/s at 11,020 W. It measures 900 × 482.6 × 130 mm, weighs 42 kg and needs 16-20 L/min of coolant flow. The S23e Hyd 2U (S23e U2H) is shorter, at 600 × 483 × 86 mm, and is rated at 865 TH/s and 8,650 W.
At the time of writing (October 4, 2026), the Antminer S23 Hyd 3U 1.16 PH/s is $15,499.00 and the Antminer S23e Hyd 2U 865 TH/s is $19,529.00. A single 3U unit draws more than 11 kW, so plan the circuit, the rack and the cooling loop together.
Antminer S23 Immersion
Spec databases list the S23 Immersion at 442 TH/s and about 5,300 W (12 J/TH), with a lower mode of 368 TH/s at 4,048 W (11 J/TH). Bitmain does not currently publish its own page for this model, so treat these figures as independent listings, not manufacturer ratings. At the time of writing (October 4, 2026), the Antminer S23 Immersion 442 TH/s is $9,182.25. Our guide to immersion cooling for Bitcoin mining covers tanks, fluids and heat exchangers, and the immersion miners category lists every immersion model we carry.
Antminer S23 vs S21: efficiency only
Comparing like with like, using Bitmain’s J/TH ratings:
| Cooling type | S21 model (J/TH) | S23 model (J/TH) | Energy per terahash |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air | S21 XP (13.5) | S23 (11) | About 19% lower |
| Air | S21 (17.5) | S23 (11) | About 37% lower |
| Hydro | S21 XP Hyd (12) | S23 Hyd (9.5) | About 21% lower |
| Hydro | S21 XP+ Hyd (11) | S23 XP Hyd (8.9) | About 19% lower |
| 3U rack hydro | S21e XP Hyd 3U (13) | S23 Hyd 3U (9.5) | About 27% lower |
In practice, 100 TH/s of hashrate at 11 J/TH draws 1,100 W, which is 26.4 kWh per day. The same 100 TH/s at 13.5 J/TH draws 1,350 W, or 32.4 kWh per day. J/TH says nothing about purchase price, power cost or network conditions, so it is one input to a decision, not the whole decision. The S21 range is in the Antminer S21 category, and every S23 we carry is in the Antminer S23 category.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between the Antminer S21 and S23?
The S23 is the newer Bitmain generation, and the main difference is efficiency. Bitmain rates the air-cooled S23 at 11 J/TH, against 13.5 J/TH for the S21 XP and 17.5 J/TH for the original S21, and the S23 Hyd at 9.5 J/TH against 12 J/TH for the S21 XP Hyd. Both families run SHA-256, and air-cooled models in both use 220-277 V single-phase power.
What is the Antminer S23 hashrate?
Bitmain rates the air-cooled S23 at 305 TH/s and 3,355 W in its current batch. Spec databases also list a 318 TH/s version at 3,498 W. Both work out to 11 J/TH.
What is the difference between the S23 Hyd and the S23 Hyd 3U?
The S23 Hyd is a single 580 TH/s hydro unit. The S23 Hyd 3U (U3S23H) is a 1,160 TH/s rack-mount chassis drawing 11,020 W. Both are rated at 9.5 J/TH.
Is the Antminer S23 more efficient than the S21 XP?
Yes, by Bitmain’s ratings. The air-cooled S23 is rated at 11 J/TH against 13.5 J/TH for the S21 XP, and the S23 Hyd at 9.5 J/TH against 12 J/TH for the S21 XP Hyd.
Does the Antminer S23 Hydro need three-phase power?
Yes. Bitmain specifies 380-415 V three-phase input for the S23 Hyd, the S23 XP Hyd and the S23 Hyd 3U, plus a liquid coolant loop.
Is there an Antminer S23 XP?
Bitmain lists an S23 XP Hyd rated at 600 TH/s, 5,340 W and 8.9 J/TH, shipping from November 2026. We found no air-cooled S23 XP on Bitmain’s shop.